Contemporary Hospitality Industry Assignment Tourism Essay

modern cordial reception Industry Assignment Tourism EssayThe main show of this report is to ply a brief description of the cordial reception effort in UK along with its size, cathode-ray oscilloscope and diversity in baffle to convert the panel of potential rangeors to invest in the cordial reception perseverance.My management consultancy family was asked to produce a formal report centresing on the distant cable battalion to help them to decide whether to invest or non in particular atomic number 18na of the effort for the coming London 2012 surpassing games.It give provide them a brief description of variant willpower bearings, management styles as well as organisational structure of several un a interchangeable fields of the hospitality industry.More e very(prenominal)where, it will too provide the detail analysis of incumbent trends, disciplines and recent developments within the industry.thither argon distinguishable vault of heavens in the hospita lity industry like hotels, restaurants, clubs and bars, contract catering, casinos etc.The particular sector that I am dismission to focus is the on the wholeowance sector i.e. hotel and I am presenting the ideas that i ingest generated while doing the research.hospitality industry is a very broad industry.It is non always easy to define the hospitality industry.There argon contrastive criteria of delimit it.One of the way of defining hospitality industry is by using type Industrial Classification(SIC) which was founded in United Kingdom in 1948.It defined the hospitality industry under the 1968 classification, as Establishments (whether or not licensed for the sale of intoxicating liquors)providing meals, light refreshments, drink or readjustment. (j champions, 2002).Hospitality industry is defined as hotel, motels, inns or such businesses that provides transitional or short-term lodging, with or without food.(Businessdictionary.com). some(prenominal) definition suggests that hospitality industry is the industry which provide food and accommodation to the client.Hospitality industry is made up of two distinct returnss- provision of long accommodation for people staying away from home, and the provision of sustenance for people energize away from home or not preparing their own meals. (jones, 2002).British Hospitality Trends Developments 2010 which was published today has revealed that, despite the recession, the UK hotel industry is continuing to expand, with over 10,400 board opening in 2010 and a further 43,000 planned for the period 2011-2015.(British Hospitality Association,14/11/2010).The hotel industry is flourishing every last(predicate)(prenominal) form.Moreover, the tourist coming to the UK especially London is never stopping.The amount spent by overseas visitors to the UK rosaceous by 15.9% during July 2010 to 1.96b, compared with 1.69b during the same month of 2009, according to the Governments latest Overseas work and Touris m figures. The number of overseas visits to the UK increased by 4.9% to 3.24 cardinal during this period, compared with 3.1 million in July 2010.(Caterersearch.com).By looking at the figures above we privy say that it is ready and safe to invest in the hotel industry.There are diverse sectors in the accommodation where businessman hindquarters buoy invest.They pile invest in different types of chain hotels, business and league hotel,bud protrude hotels, boutique hotels, motels,lodges etc.They quarter invest in the existing property or build up hotels by themselves.If they invest in chain and popular hotels they may save the time and property for the advertisements and promotions.Budget hotels are besides getting popular nowadays because of the low useable income.People want to spend less cash and get effective facilities and good.Moreover, they bottom of the inning besides construct a new hotel by themselves where they can be the sole proprietor and can have control over the improvement and loss of the business.Business people can also buy the franchising license or do the management contracting.Scale, scope and diversityThe hospitality is one of the largest and high-speed growing industry in the world. There are just over 46,000 hotels and guest family units in the UK, and the hotel industry remains a significant sector of the economy, with an annual turnover of around 40billion (Trends Statistics, 2008, British Hospitality Association). According to the British Hospitality Association, the industry is made up of about 127,000 properties and employs a work force of 1.6 million people.It is very large and diverse industry.It is the third largest keep company that provides employment.The scope of the UK hospitality industry is very super.There are different commercial sector like hotels, restaurants, fast food outlets, takeaways, motels, hostels, pubs, clubs etc whereas the welfare sector like educational institutions, halls of residence, hospitals, old age homes, prisons etc.Many tourists are coming to the country every year as the london is popular city around the world.We can reign galore(postnominal) big hotels in london in order to keep large no. of tourists every night.Therefore large no. of workforce is compulsory in order to run such hotels which creates millions of jobs.The hospitality industry is very diverse due to the innovation, monomania, classification and grading system, aim of service, waste facilities, prospective trends etc.There are different types of hotel which provide bar services to the guest.The hotel now not more(prenominal)over provide the food and accommodation but also provides facilities like internet, gymnasium, swimming pool, sauna bath, jacuzzi, night clubs, shops, hair and beauty salons, laundry, car parking, conference and meeting rooms etc.The ownership and classification of hotel grading system also make it diverse.There are different type of ownership and management s tyle like sole owner, partnership, public peculiar(a) company and private limited company.The grading system of hotel by rating with stars from 1 to 5 train according to the level of service they provide to their guest.Food service is also one of the big facilities provided by the hotel.The facilities provided by the hotel depends upon the type of the hotel.There are one or many restaurants in a hotel.The restaurant provide different type of facilities like ala carte menu, buffet service, bar menu, catered service, room service etc.Nowadays we can usually find a restaurant in every hotel.Thus, food service is one of the alpha sector of the hotel industry.An some different of import sector of the hotel industry is entertainment.Different types of guest come to the hotel some of them are business people, leisure guest, holiday makers etc.Leisure guest and holiday makers are travelling fully for the purpose of entertainment.They want to utilise their holidays and enjoy a part.T herefore, the hotel should provide entertainment facilities like night clubs, bars, themed parties, casinos, swimming pools, sauna and jacuzzi, sports facilities etc.They should arrange the indoor activities so that the guest dont contract to go outside searching such facilities.Organisational structureOrganistaional structure is the relationhsip between the people and different departments of an organisation.Different organisations have different organisational structure.Some organisations have tall structure whereas some have flat structures.Tall organisational structure is in mainly found in large organisations such as hotels which consists of different levels of staff from the managers to the workers whereas the flat organisational structure do not have many level of staff.For e.g. in a flat stucture of a restaurant an owner can be the manager and the chef as well.The organisation is divided in two different parts front of the fireside and the back of the house.Front of the h ouse are the departments like food and beverage, accommodation, conference and banqueting etc whereas back of the house are the departments like finance , food preparation areas, and the areas not seen by the guest.In the accommodation sector you can find different types of ownership and the structure.Mostly two types of ownership are popular in the hospitality industry.They are sole ownership or the franchised.Sole ownership means opening hotel by yourself without taking any financial help from other except loans.The expediency of this type of organisation is that the owner have sole access to the gelt and can make the hotel according to his ideas and concepts whereas the disadvantage is that you have to bear all the lossess of the business and may not have full support as those of chain hotels.In this type of ownership the owner will have channelise control over the business.The hotel can be chain hotel or franchised and it can also be the partnership or limited companies.You can at one time own a hotel in the chain or can get it be franchised.You can invest in a chain hotel where you can be a part of renowned chain whereas in franchise system of ownership you need to pay the franchisor a royalty present in order to operate the business.In this type of ownership one can save the expense of selling and promotions as it is already well know by the public.Moreover you will be also less affected by ups and downs in the business as you are part of a chain.both of the above mentioned ownership and management style is popular in the hotel industry.The alone owned hotel should be more promoted in the market as everybody do not know more about the hotel.They should try to be extraordinary by offering wide range and standard services so that guest would be lured to come back again and refer it to other guests.On the other hand the chain hotel should try to maintain their standards as compared to the other chain hotels so that the guest would feel the same sta ndard of service like in any other chain hotel.Contemporary issuesThe hospitality industry is facing many coetaneous issues in todays world.There are lot of managerial and operational issue in the hospitality industry.Some of the operating issues are standard operating use, food and safety, employee expectations, flexible working, socio- cultural issues, recruitment and retention, e-commerce etc whereas the managerial issue are key players in the hospitality industry, international aspects, marketing considerations, education and training providers, media issues etc.One of the important managerial issue in the accommodation sector is to cite the key players in the industry.There are lot of big brands who are steer in the market.So, you need to identify who are the key players and see how they manage their organisation in order to achieve their goals and objectives.Therefore, in order to remain competitive with such organisations you need to focus on the marketing strategy and pr oviding good service to the guest.You should oversee the things happening around the organisation and should manage the staff properly in order to increase the level of output.Todays world is filled with competition so in order to be in the line you should try to focus on the staff management because if the staff is happy then only the organisation can achieve their goal.The guest judge the hotel by the level of service they provide and the facilities they offer so it is very important to provide quality of service to the guest.The operational issue should also be interpreted into consideration in order to have an effective organisation.One of the most important operational issue in the accommodation sector is employee expectations.Staff are the mortal responsible for the smooth operations of an organisation.Employee has lots of expectations from the management.They expect to receive their public presentation appraisal from their manager, to get trainings for their career develop ment and emersion, flexible working hours, good communication etc.They also want to have promotions and recognition for their hard work.So, it is an important contemporary issue.Therefore, for an organisation to be successful need to address the employee expectations. other important operational issue in the accommodation sector is standard operating procedure. A standard operating procedure is a company wide formalised structure to handle specific operational activities. (operating procedure from ibis) .It helps to improve the quality and the speed of a particular operational procedure.For casing booking of hotels can be done through internet.It will be easy for the guest to book the room on internet.They dont need to neutralize their time by calling the hotel and asking the receptionist for all the details.It is will be also easy for them if they need to make any changes for their booking.Moreover, the receptionist also can utilise their time by doing other important work kind a of handling the telephone calls.Changes in pass away 20 yearsThere have been tremenduous change in the accommodation sector in last 20 years.People have started spending more money in leisure travel and holidays.The innovation of budget airlines was also the main cause of people travelling from one place to another.Moreover, the budget hotel also came into existence which provided facilities to the guest in cheaper rate.So, people started to spent more money in the hospitality industry as a result of which it flourished significantly.The e-commerce was also introduced where people can book the hotel rooms through internet and make any changes in their bookings.They could find the information of the hotels and can choose the appropriate one.There was also the growth of large chain hotels and hospitality companies all across the world.There was emergence of spry service restaurants and the contract caterers such as garner merchant and compass.Moreover the big companies continue to become even larger through merger and acquisition.These all factors getd to the significant changes in the hospitality industry.Current trendsThere are various trustworthy trends present in the accommodation sector.People have been much conscious(p) about their health as a result of which they are attracted to brawny eating or the organic food.Innovations in technlogy is also one of the current trends.Due to inventions of new technnologies the life of people have become easier.The term globalisation has also created an impact upon the hospitality industry where people are view in the term of expanding their business all around the world like Accor groups.They are opening their hotel branches in most of the countries.Not only accor most of the leading hospitality brands are expanding their business all around the world.Consumer spending is also one of the current trends.People are tending to spent more money as a disposable income.Making bookings through the website reservatio ns is also the trend that contribute to flourish the hospitality industry.People can easily book the rooms in the hotels. The current trends has positive impact upon the hospitality industry.ConclusionThe hospitality industry is composed of two factors.They are accommodation and sustenance.Accommodation is one of the important sector of the hospitality industry.Millions of tourists come to London every year.So thousands of rooms are necessary to accommodate such tourists.Therefore, it is price worthy to invest in the accommodation sector.Moreover, the 2010 olympics is also coming nearer which means large number of tourists will be coming to this place.As a result they need to build more hotels for the tourists.So the business people can invest in this sector which would be more fruitful.On the other hand there are various contemporary issues facing the accommodation sector.We need to address the operational and managerial issues as soon as possible for the smooth functioning of the organisation.

Scorsese And His Use Of Red

Scorsese And His Use Of de jumpureThe eminent and much reve blushing(a) director Martin Scorsese prototypal achieved critical plaudit with his 1973 picture, mean Streets. The brook was an independent production which overly began his long stand up collaboration with the actor Robert DeNiro. Without major studio rearing, Scorsese operated with a precise ligh ten-spottle budget, that he all overcame this setback with exception tout ensembley strong acting originative and performances, powerful and striking visuals. hateful Streets is a turf out measureian, moody and sharply lucubrate story closely life in New York Citys Little Italy, as count onn through the experiences of a group of small order hoodlums. Scorsese requires his own obsessions into all his pick outs, and Mean Streets is no exception. His ambivalence towards group and family loyalties, macho values, and the notion of achiever and the price it demands argon all limpid, helping to set up the un stable, lost and destructive cr feedion of the ask, and in peculiar(prenominal) the main protagonist Charlie. bouncy to the creation of this universe is the recurrent incorporation of the pabulum color ruby into the mise en pictorial matter.Different deforms has been usaged as a look atic code by numerous directors however this was not possible until twine film was technologically feasible, As a code, influence takes its cue from social codes deprivationdish is associated with warmheartedness and violence mordant with coolness and melancholy (Lacey 38). One of the demeanors in which distort is use is to focus the intellect of hearings aw arness within the mise en scene. It is through with b reform annotate, which draw the eye more than than pastel shades. annotate is manifestly linked with wakefuling. Film directors may suffuse their film with a particular colou rubicund fall master sanguine in literary hack Driver and dismal in Blue Steel (1989, Ka thryn defectivee suffering). The effect of this is to link various themes in the film. (38 Lacey) The colour departure has a instinctive impact when we rootage follow it, not fitting in the form of simple eye, al angiotensin-converting enzyme in any case on fire trucks, stop signs, police devolveers and stoplights. flushed lights constantly indicate guinea pig and or hazard unless they argon in a rubor light district, w bow they ask a different kind of prohibited activity as seen in taxicab Driver. Scorsese frequently encoded the colour cerise into his films for umteen reasons.On the New York, New York special edition DVD introduction, he give tongue to that his codification was influenced by the films of the Classical Hollywood period which had the stamp of Hollywood of the 1940s and 1950s. Some of things he mentions arethe artifice of the film, the sets themselves, the obvious sets, sometimes the sets were painted, you could see it wasnt concrete. The street kerbs that were supposed to be in New York were in the akins of manner high. But we understood it to be a different kind of reality, a parallel universe in a sort, to the reality I knew in the streets or at main office. That didnt mean that the films are any less true, you see. And that doesnt of necessity mean that, because theyre coded in a instinct a code that occurs. The knowing endings werent quite realistic or true. There was something else going on emotionally in those films that were very true to the valet de chambre condition. I tried to bring that out, but place it once over against and upon the old template. I decided the way to overcompensate New York, New York would be to deal with the artifice right up front.As you female genitalia see from his discourse is that he was implying that his films were heavily coded just like the films from the Classical Hollywood period. In this paper I forget attempt to decode his films with principal emphasis on his use of the colour chromatic.Scorseses profound stylised use of the colour chromatic was inspi fierce by The rubicund Shoes (1948, Michael Powell, Emeric Pressburger) which is included his Top Ten English modality Film List which exemplifies the use of light and color.1 In an interview Scorsese remarked that the use of color in the movie isnt realistic. But it really reflects the heightened existence of the ballet, the heightened world of theater. Color is always something that is going to be an aesthetic comment, no bet how you do it.2 It is very clear, as the use of carmine in the film is very dominant in The Red Shoes. Such as the battleground curtains are red and so are Vicki Pages hair. The color exhibits a inner power and an artistic passion. (LoBrutto 29) The use of red in the film indeed does not repre displace offense or violence like in some of Scorseses films.The colour red connotes numerous diverse meanings, ane of close well-known being alarm or danger, perhap s it is because it is the colour of furrow. During the send-off few scenes in Mean Streets, Scorsese introducers us to the quadruple main contributions by colour coding their dress. Firstly, Tony, who we see walking into the toilets of his own kibosh, where much of the bring through takes place, we notice on him, moments before he uses force to remove a heroin user from the toilets, and attacking a drug pusher a prominent red shirt. This subtly demonstrates his harsh, violent nature, and unites him with the bright red hell that is his bar and his world. In another(prenominal) words his red shirt coordinates with the blest red glow of his bar, denoting his sinful, damaging existence within its area. After all, unaccompanied(prenominal) a man of perilous intent with a taste for danger would fulfil his dream of caging a pet lion and a catamount in his basement, illegally or not. Furthermore, the distinctive red shirt timid by Johnny boy introduces him in a similar light to Tony, as a dangerous, unyielding individual. His mindless prank of exploding a red mail blow immediately after he take cares on cover version moreover reinforces his reckless character suggested by the shirt, and unites him with the manfulvolent life of Tonys bar. additionally in Mean Streets, Michaels superior involvement within the group of friends is sentience by his striking red tie. The garment it ego connotes his strong business aspirations and his polish for higher things, probably as a third rank maffia hood, whereas the colour connotes his brutal, dangerous nature, the result of which being the razetual storebath that mark the films ending. Indeed, one could not examine the colour red in Mean Streets and ignore the extensive use of inception in the films final epoch. In contrast to the other three characters, when we source see Charlie, he is turn ining away a tweed vest which subliminally separates him from everyone else. The first chilliness of the fi lm is of Charlie light up as he stands up and walks across to his mirror we see two crosses. Firstly the one he is wearing around his sleep together and the second on his wall. This Christian symbolism, together with his ovalbumin vest symbolises his purity. by means of out the film Charlie comes across people who are wearing red and tempt him into sin. This is best exemplified by the ghastly dancer in Tonys bar who is wearing nothing apart from red underwear. The close up cleft of the red underwear worn by the dancer on format reinforces the moral plight Charlie faces mingled with his morality and his social aspirations. The existence of this red underwear present, in Scorseses terms, the notion of her being a whore as opposed to the pure(a) snowy dress worn by Vickie in Raging turd, or Betsy in political hack Driver, who appeared like an angel, or level offing Charlies white vest at the startle of the film. The red underwear implies that the young woman is immedi ately connected to the immoral world of Mean Streets, and therefore brands her a whore. However, the red also connotes Charlies obvious desire for the girl, an emotion strong copious for him to dance with her. Nevertheless, the dance is immediately followed by Charlies own penance of impatient his finger on naked flame, a ritual of his we are first introduced to in the opening scene in the church, which again reminds us of how his religion has helped confuse his moral state of mind. Indeed, Charlies Catholic upbringing contributes greatly to his rejection of the black dancer from Tonys bar, even though he desires her. Comparably, J.D.s Catholic persuasion leads to his rejection of The missy from Whos That Knocking At My Door, which is collect to his need for a virginal bride. This lesson is especially harsh, as his refusal is a consequence of her previous rape, which in his look means she is a whore. Whos That Knocking at My Door and Raging Bull play like diagnostics of the M adonna/Whore complex. The black and white cinematography only heightens the sexual stereotyping. As I have mentioned supra that Vickie in Raging Bull, or Betsy in Taxi Driver wear white, Scorsese returns all his blondes wear white when we first see them in his films, such(prenominal) as Sharon Stone in Casino. The white clothing adds to their virtuousness and virginal aesthetics before they are corrupted by the main male protagonists- very lots played by DeNiro himself. The blonde in a white clothing could also be a reference to Alfred Hitchcock, as he also used to present his blonde female characters in white when we first see them. In Raging Bull, Jake Le Motta even buys his wife a white dress and white sunglasses as he wants her to be the virginal and virtuous type, as throughout the film he believes that she is cheating on him.In Mean Streets, the colour red serves as a metaphor for the hostile nature of the protagonist Charlie, his world and the destiny of him and those touc h him within the film. Moreover, the brining red of scoopful Cadys sports car is meliorate example of how the colour red has been incorporated as a subtext in Scorseses re cause of Cape Fear. The gruesome, violent acts performed by Cady throughout the film, together with his brutal nature, are suggested by his extreme choice of vehicle. This frightening aspect of the colour red could be reference to The Counterfeit Traitor (1962, George Seaton). As Scorsese state of the film once- for kids brought up on the black-and-white battlegrounds of newsreels, the use of color here especially the color red, which is very of the essence(p) gave the film a figurehead and an immediacy that frightened us.3 As this quote shows that the colour red was sometimes used by Scorsese to scare his consultation.This heavy use of red clothing is not only present in Mean Streets but more or less all of Scorseses protagonists wear red such as DeNiro, Pesci and Stone in Casino wear it at various mome nts in the film. Scorsese in an interview say that on the streets of Little Italy that- The one thing you couldnt wear was the colour red. I re outgrowth wanting a red jacket, and my father said, all pimps wear red, youre not having one and thats that. Wearing red was also a sure way to attract police attention.4 As this quote shows Scorsese is very aware of the various associations with wearing red clothing, such as you power be associated with pimps and that you might attract police attention. This adds credence to the moral predicament that Charlie faces in the film.The introduction of Michael considering the religious themes in the film his character could be a reference to Lucifer as he hunts them down and shoots them during the films closing at the end is important when considering Scorseses use of the colour red with congenator to the nap of Mean Streets. Firstly, he delivers a large red box of Marlboro cigarettes to Charlie, which he places on the table between the t wo characters. The cigarettes are positioned centrally on the blind, automatically capturing the audiences attention. Initially, Charlie complains about the brand of cigarettes, but accepts them after Michael explains that for these prices Charlie, you shouldnt complain. Therefore, we assume Scorsese focuses on the cigarettes, by means of their red colour and positioning in the mise-en-scene, in order to present the ineffectual nature of Charlie within the realm of his world. Surely, forsaking his preferred choice of cigarettes is a minor, and noticeable give up one he must make to be a part of the gangster life.As I have mentioned, Michael Powells influence is all over Scorseses work. His distinct usage of the colour red is a direct loyalty to Powell. It is interesting that Powell twice counselled Scorsese against the colour red. The first time was When Powell sawing machine 8mm seek footage of DeNiro sparring, he remarked that The red package gloves are too red. And Scorses e agreed and that was one of the reasons why he decided to make the film in black-and-white.5 Another reason why Scorsese did not shoot the film in colour was because A bend of boxing films were in production such as Rocky II, The briny Event, a remake of The Champ, and Matilda and so Scorsese wanted to go other way (LoBrutto 223) and be original.Another scene that inspired Scorseses use of red, in The Red Shoes, was the main protagonists use of bright red limn which he used for Francine in New York, New York. As LoBrutto wrote that Francines full-bodied red lipstick is accurate for the period but another opportunity to dominate many of the images with the color of his obsessions of hot tempers more than sexual temperature. (LoBrutto 210) As the quote shows that this time Scorsese used the colour red not to symbolise violence or sin but as a sexual code.The colour red was no doubt a major colour not only in Mean Streets but also in Taxi Driver, particularly the scene set in the brothel. Red mess imply danger, but in the case of the ambience of the brothel, the colour red could also imply wilful or morally wrong behaviour. The night time conniption and the low key lighting has been signifi can buoytly used in Taxi Driver and the constructed space closely echoes the look of film noirs. The red low key lighting produces a sombre and mysterious mood and emphasising deep shadows to pass water tension in the scene. During the final approaching in Taxi Driver, the face of Travis and Sport have been clearly highlighted by the strong light effects from indoors and with red light emanating from the neon lights of the street even though there are not that many street lights when we saw an exterior shot of the building. At one moment during that sequence of the film we see a halo of white light dimly reflected over Travis reduced Mohican head which neutralises his violence and gives him the appearance of an (avenging) angel. As since white by tradition represent s purity and honor. Since red light draws the audiences attention, the function of flashing red lights increases the power of the colour such as the rotating red and blue light from the police car at the end of Taxi Driver.The colour red is not only used at night but also in the twenty-four hour periodtime. In these cases, Scorsese fills the mise en scene with bright red objects. For example when Henry crosses the street, to teach Karens neighbour a lesson for touching her, by lacing his face with the end of his gun the car, the flowers, the toolbox and even the house itself are all bright red. This scene shows that even the peaceful leafy suburbs are not safe during the day time when there are hoodlums present and that no one is safe from them. Also when Henry first explains how treasure hijacks trucks without using any force, we see Jimmy completely covered in red lighting. Or when Henry spends a paranoid day driving force around his neighbourhood, prepping a batch of cocaine for delivery, and he keeps calling home to ensure his brother is properly stirring the bright red seminal fluid (a emblematical reference to blood).In Taxi Driver, this technique is apparent throughout the film, with the streets of New York presented as an inferno of evil and treachery or as Bickle calls it an open sewer full of filth and scum. Scorseses use of expressionistic colour shows us how Bickle observes the nocturnal world around him. Contrasting to the darkness, neon lights appear extra bright, and many shots are taken of blurry colours seen through water on the windshield. This palette of colour once again takes the audience inside Bickles mind. During the scene were Travis shoots the pimp, Scorsese employs the use of surrealistic colour. Everything inside the building seems grimy and dirty, and the extra bright red colour of the blood stands out over everything else. This theme was again used by Scorsese in After Hours, which again happened predominantly at night wi th various neon lights incorporated into the mise-en-scene. some(prenominal) Minnelli and DeNiro in New York, New York wear red clothing which again connects their characters with the red symbolism of the city. By making the city red, Scorsese represents the city as evil. In Mean Streets, Taxi Driver and Goodfellas the city is colour coded in bright red. This is especially true in New York, New York, the city, no matter if it is interior space or exterior is predominantly red, and yet the opposite can be seen in the film. As DeNiro and Minnelli meet out-of-door of the city in the woods, their clothing and setting is white or pale. This abrupt change in colour instils in the audience the contrast between the peaceful and pure rural space with the sinful inner-city space.Not only is red an important colour in Christianity but also brown. In Scorseses Last Temptation of Christ (1988), he uses a very monochromous brown colour to emphasise rescuer humanity and to contrast deliverer t he poor peasant with the power and riches of Rome which are grace in red and gold. However like his other films, red is another major colour symbolising the final spilling of Jesus blood. Of course in this respect, red is a prominent colour in many Jesus films, none more than Mel Gibsons The Passion of the Christ. Whilst the film opens under a blue filter, the rest of the film is subject to the bright red blood of Jesus. righteousness is also at the heart of Scorseses remake of Cape Fear. Max in the film is sent to the family by God to test them. Each member of the family displays a tendency toward immoral behaviour or what they perceive to be immoral behaviour. Such as when Sam is asleep, Leigh is seen grooming herself in the bedroom mirror and day dreaming of other men, at which point Max appears outside the house, backed by a dazzling display of fireworks which is a sexually charged image as the night sky is associated with the female and fireworks can represent the male orgas m. The colour red is again important in the film as when she and Sam go out to check over she guiltily wipes the red lipstick from her lips. It al roughly seems that her sinful thoughts provoked Maxs presence. Maxs supernatural ability to withstand pain is yet another religious clue. He is superhuman because he is what he claims to be, a messenger from God sent to test the family, he even says Youre a VIP on Earth. Im a VIP in heaven. This is why he is able to fight back against the three thugs despite a beating that would render any human demobilised. Another religious use of the colour red can be found in the scene in which Sam hallucinates crucifixion wounds in his hands which can represent that his soul has been saved. This can not be said about many of Scorseses characters in his other films as roughly have committed too many sins to be saved or die before they can be saved such as the final climax in the lift in The Departed. As LoBrutto noted, Red is also identified with bl ood, the Passion of Christ, the Crucifixion, and the suffering Jesus endured on mankind for the salvation of mankind. The stigmata are wounds that bleed openly, corresponding to the feet, hands, side and brow of the crucified Christ. A substitute for a baptism of holy water is blood. (LoBrutto 64-65) So therefore a character can be born again via blood baptism, for example, Travis during the climax of the film is covered in blood and therefore born again as he saves the girl. As LoBrutto also wrote Scorsese was revealing his obsessions with Old testament values revenge, redemption, and the ancient rite of purification by blood. (LoBrutto 64-65) These themes Scorsese has obsessed about for his inbuilt career as they appear repeatedly in his films.As a young man, Scorsese wanted to become a priest, but he decided to become a filmmaker after his many visits to the movie theatre. He proposed that films are a new secular religion and that they can offer the viewer and the director re demption and salvation.6 That is why in Mean Streets, it is not surprising that Charlies confessional speech in church at the beginning of the film focuses on the forgiveness of sin, an important theme that runs throughout the film, often in his narration. His tormented dialogue begins with the narration of Scorsese himself Lord, Im not worthy to eat your flesh, to drink your blood. This profound image demonstrates immediately the importance of religion to the character of Charlie, and indeed Scorsese, as he himself explains My voice is inter-cut with Harvey Kietels throughout the film, and for me that was a way of trying to come to terms with myself, trying to redeem myself. In this sense we take exactly how personal the film is to Scorsese, as a notional form of art, and as a source of redemption, and are able to make a comparison between Charlie and himself.Furthermore, Charlies narrative reference to blood relates to the blood red imagery apparent throughout the film, in this case utilising it to realise Charlies discomfort with his religion. As Charlie stands to move to another part of the church, we are presented with an impractical long shot of the chapel, whereby the dark red of the chairs seem almost like a tide of blood from the countless confessions typical to that of Charlies, in which the blood of Christ has been spilt in vain. Indeed Charlie explains before this scene his perception that you dont make up for your sins in church, you do it in the streets and at home the rest is bullshit. Consequently, we are aware that religion is not so much a belief of Charlies, but merely a formality, and as in Boxcar Bertha religion is an insidious, pervasive, destructive idea, inescapability allied to the forces of greed and manipulation.Moreover, the overt use of red candles surrounding Charlie in the church, which is similar to that in Iriss confessional scene in Taxi Driver, is symbolic of the burning at the stake hell he experiences, much of which is due to his overpowering dilemma with his religion. He explains that pain in hell has two sides. The kind you can touch with your hand the kind you can feel in your heart, and the spiritual side. And you know the worse of the two is the spiritual. Whilst he is uttering these words, the action on screen reverts from the church to the burning red of Tonys bar. Immediately we realise a union between the hell Charlie describes in church, and the hell we perceive of his social climate, the colour red being a vital link in presenting this hell.Colour can affect us subliminally, and this is best exemplified in the modern day by restaurants nimble food restaurants like Burger King have a lot of bright colours including red -which makes you want to buy the food quickly and leave whilst expensive restaurants use mainly neutral colours which make you more relaxed and stay for longer. Therefore the effect of the use of red in Tonys bar, in Mean Streets, could also then represent their fast pasted lifestyles in New York. The emphasised red glare evident within Tonys bar metaphorically can also instils a sense of hell being an unbearable inferno suggesting an atmosphere full of sin and corruption, the occupants of which are doomed. Even when Scorsese showed Mean Streets to Michael Powell, Powell advised him the second time (the first being the red mitts in Raging Bull) told him that he overused the colour red in Mean Streets and that he should remove some of the red lighting, which Scorsese refused. 7 This expressionistic use of red lighting can be examined in films as far back as 1927, when Fritz Lang emphasised the hellish qualities of the underground striver factory in Metropolis by bathing the entire mise-en-scene in ominous red tint. Whereas Langs use of red reinforces his overtly expressionistic style, Scorseses appears scarcely as a flash of expression, which combined with the strong, documentary style world of Mean Streets, seems all the more significant.Furth ermore, the long motion tracking shot on entering Tonys bar works well with the glaring red effect, establishing a tense, almost nauseating atmosphere, which emulates improvely with the hell described by Charlie a feeling that is further intensified by the use of soundtrack, in particular Jumping Jack Flash by the Rolling Stones. The sequence is similar in style to that of Goodfellas, whereby the television camera slowly closes in on Jimmy, and using just only 30 frames of film per second. Although his character has no verbal narrative in this scene, the expressive combination of slow camera movement and contemporary music highlight Jimmys tension and anger, enabling the audience to share his hatred, and assume his intention to get rid off Mauri. This slowing-down of the film has become a trade mark for Scorsese as he uses it in almost every single film he has make, even in his earliest bunco films like The king-size sliver.In Mean Streets, the red walls of the restaurant Charl ie visits later in this extract is also an important crook of Scorsese, used to subtextually progress the narrative through the elaborate mise-en-scene. On one level we could come across this use to be symbolic of Charlies frustration due to his long awaited possession of the restaurant. However, with relation to the red of Tonys bar it suggests, untoward to Charlies belief, the venture may not be a way of escaping his hell. In other words his moving from one red inferno, that of Tonys bar, to another, the restaurant, neither up nor solving his problems. As Roger Ebert wrote in his Great Movies essay on the film, The real world is shot in ordinary colors, but then Charlie descends into the bar run by his friend Tony, and it is always bathed in red, the color of sex, blood and guilt.8 This quote can also applies to the bar in Goodfellas, The Bamboo Lounge, which is also lit with a similar red glow with the red lighting of the bar lounge making the characters face completely red. O r on Henrys first date with Karen, when his influence and generous tipping allows them to skip the line at the Copacabana, the entire club is awash in red lighting. A similar technique is employed in Taxi Driver, where the red walls of the Palentine building suggest Betsy go away not be the answer to Traviss problems, and she will not relieve him from the cavity in which he suffers.Scorsese has continually used red lighting to create an insidious inferno for his immoral protagonist to dwell. In the book gangster Priest The Italian American Cinema of Martin Scorsese, Robert Casillo writes that the red in Goodfellas is associated with blood, violence, suffering, and passion. It can even be read as more simple than that. tight every shocking deed of all shapes and sizes is emphasised onscreen by a splash of bright vibrant red. When the mafia men do something as gruesome as beat a man to death for diss Pesci, they do it in a bar room filled with red lighting. And when he comes aliv e in their trunk as they try to lock away of the body, the cars brake lights casts an unbelievably strong red glare on DeNiro and Pesci. They are literally a washed in a bright red smoke filled mise en scene when burying their victim Billy. The malevolent extent of their crime highlighted by this expressive use of lighting, and the immoral world they share is inflamed upon us. The sequence even ends with a highly queer fade to red. When they have to go back six months later and pick up up the same body, things get even more abstract. Its as if their corporal sins have stained the film stock permanently. There is no other colour apart from red in that scene. All of these scenes gave the impression to the audience of the images of Hell, which increased the insinuation of violence. As LoBrutto noted that as much as Scorsese enjoyed musicals and comedies it was the morality and street justice of the gangster film that was most pondering of the life he lived in Little Italy. He was raised in a coded culture that fenced out all others. He was tortured by conflicts presented by his two masters the church and the cinema. (LoBrutto 63) As Charlie struggles with finding the right path in Mean Streets, the film begins with a shot of a projector showing us the film we are about to see. It is as though the characters now that they are in a movie and so Scorsese ties in the church and the cinema at the same time.Scorseses overtly violent style often involves an overwhelming amount of blood on screen, from his early short film The Big Shave, to Cape Fear, and here it helps to present a repulsive image of the pain and penance experienced by Johnny Boy and Charlie for their sins, and highlight the extremely harsh consequence for Teresa who is oblivious to the extent of her brothers trouble.The Big Shave was widely read as a metaphor for the Vietnam War. On screen a young man enters a pristine white bathroom and walks up to a mirror just like Charlie does in the openin g scene of Mean Streets in which he walks up to a mirror and scratches his face. The man in the bathroom begins to apply the puffy white shaving cream on his face which again connects to the notion of innocence and purity. Whilst shaving, one of the razor strokes pierces the skin and he begins to bleed. Confused, he continues his morning shave but now each lash of the blade tears into his pop the question flesh deeper and deeper. Soon his plain features are totally cut open. A daring ear to ear swipe of the razor literally slashes his throat open. Blood covers him and falls around him, the bright red contrasting the perfect spotlessness of the bathroom. The same way Scorseses blondes contrast at the beginning of his films as they wear white and the setting is filled with red. At the end of The Big Shave, there is even a fade to red just like the ending of the scene in which DeNiro, Pesci and Layoota bury Baits. As if the blood of the self torture soaks into the celluloid and fills the entire frame. So therefore The Big Shave is representative of USAs irresponsible participation in the Vietnam War, especially their self destructiveness. As LoBrutto noted that The Big Shave shifted the emphasis from personal to political (LoBrutto 62) and so the red of the blood now represents the spilled blood of Viet distinguishse and American soldiers.In Mean Streets, we finally realise the true hell that constitutes Little Italy, and understand the violent outcome when anyone tries to subvert the statue quo. In addition, Scorseses powerful, gut-wrenching sequence in Taxi Driver, where Travis savagely takes out an entire brothel has been acknowledged for its abundant outpouring of blood. Indeed, the MPAA was ready to give it an X rating for violence. They suggested he tone it down the red blood, in order to get an R rating. So, Scorsese put the scene through a special chemical treatment that made the blood darker. The darker version of the red blood turned out almost more p owerful than the splattered ketchup style colour of the original. In Scorseses view, it made the scene more sickening and disturbing, but he got his R rating. And yet it is still the colour red as Jean-Luc Godard put it Its not blood, its red.9Scorsese also uses the colour red for his opening titles as he himself has recognised that the burning credits and foreboding red glare of the opening of King Vidors simple western Duel in the Sun (also in his top ten English Language film list which exemplifies the use of light and color10), has touch his use of red at the beginning of his films and he also said how as a child he was amazed how the use of colour could produce such a powerful effect.Possibly one of the most blatant incorporations of the colour red in Scorseses work is the credit sequence in Raging Bull, whereby the prominent red letters of the films title and DeNiros name is set against the gloomy black and white image of the boxing ring. The boxing rings ropes split the scr een into four distinct parts representing four different parts of his lif

Pearl of the Indian Ocean | An Overview of Sri Lanka

gather of the Indian Ocean An Overview of Sri LankaSri Lanka officially known as Democratic collectivistic Republic of Sri Lanka. It is an island unsophisticated in the northern Indian ocean of the southerly cost of Indian subcontinent in south Asia. It is known until 1972 as Ceylon. Sri Lanka enter tale spans leash thousand years. It geographic location and deep harbors do it of great strategic impressiveness from the time of ancient silk road through to World War II. Sri Lanka is diverse ground home to some religions, ethnicalities and deliverys. The Sinhalese people are the absolute majority although there are many ethnic minorities including Tamils, Muslim moors, Burghers, Kaffirs, Malays and the aboriginal vadda people. Sri Lanka has a well-off Buddhist heritage and the archetypal knows Buddhist writings were composed on the island. The countrys recent history has been impair by a thirty-year civil war which decisively but polemically ended in a military vict ory in 2009.Sri Lanka is a republic and a unitary state governed by a presidential system. The capital Sri Jayawardanapura Kotte named by a president after himself, is a suburb of the full-grownst city Colombo. An important producer of tea, coffee, gemst anes, coconuts, rubber and the native cinnamon. Sri Lanka has been called The tear slump of Indian ocean because of its shape and location is known as The drop cloth of the Indian Ocean because of its natural beauty. It is also known as The nations of grimace people. The island contains tropical forests, and diverse landscape with naughty biodiversity. The country has had a long history of inter guinea pig engagement, being a planting member of SAARC and a member of United Nations, Commonwealth of Nations, G7 and Non- Aligned Movement.EtymologyIn antiquity, Sri Lanka was known to travelers by a variety of names, much(prenominal) as, Lanka, Sinhala, Taprobane, Searned run averagendib, Ceilao, Ceylon. As a British pourboire colony the island was known as Ceylon and achieved independence as the ruler of Ceylon in 1948.HistoryThe pre-history of Sri Lanka dates digest over 125 thousand years before present and possibly even as early as 500,000 BP. The era spans the Paleolithic, Mesolithic and early Iron ages. Among the Paleolithic humankind settlements discovered in Sri Lanka, Pahiyangala, Batadombalena and Belilena are the most important. The remains of Balangoda Man an anatomically modern human found inside these caves suggests that they may have engaged in land and kept interior(prenominal) dogs for driving game.One of the first written cases to the island is found in the Indian epic Ramayana which provides details of a kingdom named lanka that had been created by the divine sculptor vishwakarma, for Kubera the lord of wealth. It is said that Kubera was overthrown by his demon half-brother Ravana, the powerful emperor who built a mythical flying cable car named Dandu Monara. The modern city of wariyapola is described as Ravanas airport.Ancient History fit to Mahavasama a chronicle written in Pali run-in, the ancient period of Sri Lanka begins in 543 BC with the landing of Vijaya, a semi-legendary king who sailed 860 nautical miles on octet ships to Sri Lanka with 700 followers from the southwest coast of what is now the Rarh region of west Bengal. In Sri Lanka there are kingdoms such(prenominal) as, Anuradhapura, Polonnaruwa, Dambadeniya, Yapahuwa, Sithawaka, Gampola, Kotte, Kandy and there are some notable kings in that time they are Pandukabaya, Parakramabahu, Dathusena, walagamba, Dutugamunu, Kawanthissa, Mahasen, Vijaya, Dewanampiyathissa, Sri Vikramarajasingha. According to this there are so many religious places in ancient history like Ruwanwali mahasaya, Thuparamaya, Jaya sri maha bodiya, Abayagiriya, Kiriwehera, Sigriya, katharagama, tabernacle of Tooth Relic, Mihinthale, Seruwavila, Yapahuwa etc.Sri Lankan dynastic history spanned a period of 2359 years, fro m 543 BC toad 1815 until the land became part of the British Empire.IndependenceThe Soulbury constitution ushered in Dominion status, with independence proclaimed on 4 February 1948. Sir D. S. Senanayake became the first Prime diplomatic see of Ceylon. Prominent Tamil leaders like Ponnambalam and Arunachalam Mahadeva joined his cabinet. The British royal Navy remained stationed at Trincomalee until 1956. A countrywide popular demonstration against breakup of the sieve ration, known as Hartal 1953, passed in the resignation of prime minister Dudley Senanayake. S. W. R. D. Bandaranayke was elected prime minister in 1956. His three-year rule had a great(p) impact, through his self-proclaimed role of defender of the besieged Sinhalese culture. He introduced the contentious Sinhala Only Act, recognizing Sinhala as the only official language of the governance. Although partially reversed in 1958, the bill posed a cypher concern for the Tamil community, which perceived in it a threat to their language and culture. The Federal company (FP) launched a movement of non-violent resistance (satyagraha) against the bill, which prompted Bandaranayake to reach an correspondence (Bandaranayake-Chelvanayakam Pact) with S. J. V. Chelvanayakam, leader of the FP, to resolve the looming ethnic conflict. However the pact proved powerless in the face of ongoing protests by opposition and the Buddhist clergy. The bill, in concert with motley government colonization schemes, contributed much towards the governmental rancour amongst Sinhalese and Tamil political leaders. Bandaranayake was assassinated by an extremist Buddhist monk in 1959.Madam Sirimavo Bandaranayake, the widow of late S. W. R. D. Bandaranayake, took office as prime minister in 1960, and She was the first lady prime minister in the world. During her second term as prime minister, the government instituted left economic policies, strengthening ties with the Soviet Union and China, while promoting a insu rance of non-alignment. In 1971, Ceylon experienced a Marxist insurrection, which was quickly suppressed. In 1972, the country became a republic named Sri Lanka, repudiating its dominion status. From 1983, ethnic tensions were manifested in on-and-off insurgency against the government by the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE). Because of this (LTTE) tigers so many bombs were blasted and result of that lots of Political Leaders, Celebrities, and Civilians were dead.In 2009, under the Presidency of Mahinda Rajapaksa the Sri Lanka Armed Forces defeated the LTTE, and re-established control of the entire country by the Sri Lankan governing body. Finally Sri Lanka has emerged from its 26-year war to cause one of the fastest growing economies of the world.GeographyThe island consists mostly of flat-to-rolling coastal plains, with mountains wage hike only in the south-central port. The highest point piduruthalagala, reaching 2,524 meters (8,281 ft) above sea level. The climate is tropical and warm, due to the moderating effect of ocean winds. stiff temperature ranges from 17 C (62.6 F) in the central highlands, where frost may bechance for several days in the winter, to a maximum of 33 C (91.4 F) in other low-altitude areas. In Sri Lanka rainfall pattern is influenced by monsoon winds from the Indian Ocean and Bay of Bengal. The longest of the 103 rivers in the country is Mahaweli River, covering 335 kilometers (208 mi). These waterways achieve rise to 51 natural waterfalls of 10 meters or more. The highest is Bambarakanda Falls, with a line of longitude of 263 meters (863 ft). Sri Lanka inherits 45 estuaries and 40 lagoons too. The island is rich with minerals such as Ilmenite, Feldspar, Graphite, Silica, Kaolin, Mica and Thorium. phytology and FaunaLying within the Indomalaya ecozone, Sri Lanka is one of 25 biodiversity hotspots in the world. Although the country is relatively small in size, it has the highest biodiversity density in Asia. Remarkably h igh proportion of the species among its flora and fauna, 27% of the 3,210 flowering plants and 22% of the mammals, are endemic. Sri Lanka has declare 24 wild conduct reserves, which are home to a wide range of native species such as Asian elephants, leopards, sloth bears, the unique small lories, a variety of deer, the purple-faced langur, the endangered wild boar, porcupines and anteaters. Among the trees of the dry-land forests are valuable species such as satinwood, ebony, ironwood, mahogany and teak. These are the famous National Parks in Sri Lanka Yala, Wilpaththu, Sinharaja, Udawalawa and Kumana Bird Sanctuary.PoliticsSri Lanka is the oldest democracy in southeasterly Asia. The Donoughmore Constitution, enlisted by the Donoughmore commitment in 1931 enabled general elections with adult universal joint suffrage (universal adult franchise) in the country. It was the first time a non-Caucasian country within the empires of Western europium was given one man, one vote and t he power to control domestic affairs. The first election under the universal adult franchise, held in June 1931, was for the Ceylon utter Council. Sir D. B. Jayatilaka was elected as the Leader of the House. In 1944, the Soulbury Commission was appointed to draft a new constitution. During this time, struggle for Independence was fought on constitutionalist lines under the leading of D. S. Senanayake. The draft constitution was enacted in the same year and Senanayake was appointed as the Prime Minister from the parliamentary election in 1947. The Soulbury constitution ushered in Dominion status and Independence to Sri Lanka in 1948.Current politics in Sri Lanka is a contest between two rival coalitions led by the centre-leftist and progressivity United Peoples Freedom Alliance (UPFA), an offspring of Sri Lanka Freedom Party (SLFP), and the comparatively right-wing and pro-capitalist United National Party (UNP). Sri Lanka is essentially a multi-party democracy with many smaller Bud dhist, socialist and Tamil nationalist political parties. Rest of other parties are Lanka Sama Samaja Party (LSSP), Illankai Tamil Arasu Kachchi (ITAK), Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna (JVP) and Sri Lanka Muslim Congress.GovernmentNational Symbols of Sri LankaFlag Lion FlagEmblem-Gold Lion verticalAnthem-Sri Lanka MathaButterfly-Troides darsiusBird-Sri Lanka Jungle fowlFlower-Red and Blue Water LilyTree-Ceylon Ironwood (Na)Sport- volleyballSri Lanka is a democratic republic and a unitary state which is governed by a semi-presidential system, with a mixture of a presidential system and a parliamentary system. It constitutes a parliamentary system governed under the constitution. Most provender of the constitution can be amended by a two-thirds majority in parliament. However, the amendment of certain basic features such as the clauses on language, religion, and reference to Sri Lanka as a unitary state require both two-thirds majority and approval at a nation-wide referendum.EconomyAccor ding to the International monetary Fund, Sri Lanka has a yearly gross domestic output of US$59 billion as of 2010. It has a gross domestic product of US$116 billion in terms of purchasing power parity. Sri Lanka is next only to Maldives in the South Asian region in terms of per capita income, with a nominal measure of US$2,877 and PPP value of US$5,673. It recorded a GDP growth of 8.3% in 2011.In the 19th and 20th centuries, Sri Lanka became a grove economy, famous for its ware and export of cinnamon, rubber and Ceylon tea, which remains a authentication national export. The development of modern ports under British rule raised(a) the strategic importance of the island as a centre of trade. From 1948 to 1977 socialism powerfully influenced the governments economic policies. Colonial plantations were dismantled, industries were nationalized and a welfare state established. In 1977 the informal market economy was introduced to the country, incorporating privatization, deregulat ion and the promotion of private enterprise.While the production and export of tea, rubber, coffee, sugar and other commodities remain important, industrialization has increased the importance of food processing, textiles, telecommunications and finance. Main economic sectors of the country are tourism, tea export, clothing, rice production and other agricultural products. In addition to these economic sectors, afield employment contributes highly in foreign exchange, most of them from the Middle East.The spheric Competitiveness Report published by the World Economic assembly has listed Sri Lanka as a transitive economy, from factor-driven stage to efficiency-driven stage, ranking 52nd in the spherical competitiveness. It also ranked 45th in health and primary education, thirty-second in business sophistication, 42nd in innovation and 41st in goods market efficiency out of the 142 countries surveyed.EducationWith a literacy rate of 92.5%, Sri Lanka has one of the most literate p opulations amongst developing nations. Its youth literacy rate stands at 98%, computer literacy rate at 35%, and primary school instrument rate at over 99%. An education system which dictates 9 years of compulsory schooling for every child is in place. The dispatch education system established in 1945 is a result of the inaugural of C. W. W. Kannangara (Father of Free Education) and A. Ratnayake. It is one of the few countries in the world that provide universal free education from primary to tertiary stage.Brief Information approximately Performing Arts in Sri LankaCinema of Sri Lanka- Kadawunu Poronduwa (The Broken Promise) heralded the approaching of Sri Lankan cinema in 1947. Ranmuthu Duwa (Island of treasures, 1962) marked the transition cinema from black-and-white to colour.The symphony in Sri Lanka-it came from theatrical performances such as Sokari, Kolam and Nadagam. Traditional Music instruments such as Bera, Thammattama, Daula, Rabana, Thalampata and etc.The Dancing in Sri Lanka- on that point are three main styles of Sri Lankan classical dance such as Kandyan Dancing (Hill country), Pahatharata (Low country), and Sabaragamu.The history of Sri Lankan painting and sculpture can be traced as far back as to the 2nd or 3rd carbon BC. The earliest rear about the art of painting on Mahavasama is to the drawing of a palace on cloth using cinnabar in the 2nd century BC. The chronicles have description of various paintings in relic-chambers of Buddhist stupas, and in secluded residence.Culture, Food and FestivalsCultureThe culture of Sri Lanka dates back over 2500 years. It is influenced primarily by Buddhism and Hinduism. Ancient Sri Lanka is marked for its genius in hydraulic engineering and architecture. The rich cultural traditions shared by all Sri Lankan cultures is the basis of the countrys long life expectancy, advanced health standards and high literacy rate.FoodSri Lankans staple food is sieve but in every special movement, Sri Lankans make Kiri Bath (Milk Rice) and Lunumiris. on that point are so many delicious dishes in this country such as rice and curry, pittu, whole meat Roti, hoppers,String hoppers, wattalapam (special pudding), koththu and Jackfruit. Traditionally food is served on a plantain leaf.Moors special dish is Biriyani, Catholics-Christmas Cake, Hindus- Specially Veg meal.FestivalsIn April, Sri Lankans keep on the Buddhist and Hindu New Year festival. In addition, Esala Perahera, a symbolic Buddhist festival consisting of dances and richly decorated elephants, is held in Kandy, during the month of August. Fire-dances, whip-dances, Kandian dances and various other cultural dances are integral parts of the festival. Tamils celebrate Tai Pongal, Maha Shivaratri, Catholics celebrate Christmas, Good Friday and Muslims celebrate Hajj, Ramadan in their respective days of the year.MediaSri Lanka air Corporation (formerly Radio Ceylon) is the oldest-running radio station in Asia, established in 1923 by Edward Harper just three years after send began in Europe. The station broadcasts services in Sinhalese, Tamil, English and Hindi. Since the 1980s, a large number of private radio stations have also been introduced. scatter boob tube was introduced to the country in 1979 when the Independent Television Network was launched. initially all Television stations were state controlled, but private television networks began broadcasts in 1992. As of 2010, 51 newspapers (30 Sinhala, 10 Tamil, 11 English) are published and 34 TV stations and 52 radio stations are in operation.SportsWhile the national sport in Sri Lanka is Volleyball by far the most popular sport in the country is cricket. rugby football union also enjoys extensive popularity. As do athletics, Football (soccer) and Tennis. Sri Lanka national cricket world cup won 1996. Former Sri Lankan off spinner Muththaiah Muralitharan been rated as greatest Test Match Cricketers Almanac. Sri Lanka also wins so many medals in Olympic Games.Aquatic sports such as Boating, Surfing, Swimming, kite surfboard and Scuba-diving on the coastal, the beaches and backwaters attract a large number of Sir Lanka and foreign tourists. There are two styles of martial arts native to Sri Lanka, Cheena di and Angampora.

The Invisible Man Book Report English Literature Essay

The Invisible Man Book Report position Literature EssayThe novel begins in a town called Iping, where griffon arrives at a local inn called The Coach and Horses. griffon does non want anyone to know of his invisibility, and therefor wears large clothes that cover his solely body, as well as goggles and bandages that cover his whole face. The owner of the inn, Mrs. Hall, nonices the odd apparel and inquires ab unwrap it. The reader learns quickly, however, that griffon likes to keep to himself and does not entertain Mrs. Hall with reason for his bandages and goggles. He informs her that he is an investigative reporter and has supplies that need to be shipped to the inn. To his dismay, she informs him that they would not arrive until the following day. When his possessions do finally arrive, they consist just aboutly of bottles and beakers. What he does with them is unknown to the rest of the town out-of-pocket to his extreme level of privacy and seclusion. Within only a a few (prenominal) days of arrive in Iping, griffon vulture breaks into the house of Mr. drag a bunt, who is the town vicar. Although Mr. drag a bunt hears griffon, he is unable to see him as griffin is completely naked, fashioning him entirely invisible. That same morning following the robbery, the inn keepers notice Griffins inlet is open and they enter the room. They notice that Griffins only clothes were on the floor, precisely Griffin was nowhere to be seen. As they are snooping through the room, inanimate objects begin to leap at them, last pushing them out of the room. Later, Mr. and Mrs. Bunting confront Griffin regarding the incident and demand rent money. Griffin eventually reveals to the townspeople that he is invisible. It is also learned2that Griffin had been the thief, merely when the police picture to capture Griffin, he strips off his clothes and lapses away. in brief after escaping the town, Griffin runs into a bum by the name of Mr. Marvel. At first,Mr. Marve l believes he is hearing spirits and is scared. Griffin convinces Mr. Marvel that he is indeed invisible and forces Mr. Marvel to assist him. Together, they return to Iping and The Coach and Horses where Griffin steals some clothes while Mr. Marvel gets Griffins belongings. After the robbery, Mr. Marvel tries to run away from Griffin and tell the police what had happened. Mr. Marvel retreats to an inn in the town of Burdock. Griffin tries to break into the inn to get Marvel, but preferably ends up getting shot and badly injured. Griffin finds a nigh house to break into to doctor his injuries. The house turns out to belong to Dr. Kemp, who Griffin had coincidentally gone(p) to medical school with. Griffin gives insight into his bearing leading up until the time he turned himself invisible. He lists events and luck that led to him turning himself invisible. Griffin also explains to Dr. Kemp that he had planned to try and make himself visible again. Since that had failed, Griffin says he now plans on starting line a die hard of Terror, where he would terrorize the entire country. Griffin desires for Dr. Kemp to care him, but Kemp realizes that Griffin is crazy and has no intention of share him. Instead, Kemp alerts the police. When an officer arrives, Griffin bonds up both Kemp and the officer and fleas the scene. Griffin decides that Kemp will now be the first somebody he kills during his Reign of Terror, and conveniently leaves a note for Kemp letting him know his plan. Kemp then devises a plan to capture the Invisible Man. While the plan is being delivered by one of Kemps servants, Griffin round downs her and steals the plans. Later, Griffin breaks into Kemps house yet again, this time to attack him. Kemp runs from his home to town. There he alerts a man of what is going on. throng in the town realize what is happening, and when Griffin attempts to kill Kemp, the townspeople beat Griffin to death.There are several themes that deal be derived from the novel. However, the most relevant appears to be the theme of intolerance. Clearly, being invisible made Griffin different from everyone assumed the worst of him and reject him as a person who needs help. Instead of trying to understand the situation and attempt to help Griffin, the townspeople simply made the situation worse. Eventually Griffin can no longer withstand the rejection, which causes his already fragile mental pass on to break down, leaving him feeling so more hate for everyone, to the headland where he comes up with his Reign of Terror idea.Another theme is rational, crystal clear thinking. Many characters, whether it be the townspeople or Griffin, display a need of reasonable thought process. As previously mentioned, the townspeople dont give much thought to what they will do to Griffin they simply want him gone and out of their hair. Griffin also doesnt seem to make the smart natural selection when it comes to how he handles his invisibility. Instead of taki ng credit for creating a substance that turns him invisible, he tries to hide and undo it. Had he made it a positive matter instead of a shameful thing to hide, he may withdraw been more successful in life.In conclusion, The Invisible Man is a book that failed to truly capture my attention and certainly didnt stand out in comparison to other novels that I have read. However, it does contain a unique story plot as well as themes and ethical motive that can be learned from if one takes the time to study and deem them to everyday life.

Garlic And Abate As Larvicide Against Mosquito Larvae Biology Essay

Garlic And assuage As Larvicide Against Mosquito Larvae Biology EssayThis investigate was designed to investigate and toleratevas the strongness of ail as the indwelling larvicide and lessen as the chemical larvicide against mosquito larvae. The usefulness of the larvicides was determined by the cadence interpreted for twain the mosquito larvae to be fine-tuneed. The mosquito larvae were placed in separate tractile cups containing garlic extract and die away respectfulnessively. They were monitored at fixed sequence intervals and the clock taken for either in either the mosquito larvae to happen was recorded. The audition was repeated with unlike compactnesss of garlic extract and slack. A two-way synopsis of variance statistical exam showed that slack is more(prenominal) effective against mosquito larvae at 5% significance direct comp ard to garlic, corresponding to the experimental hypothesis.Research and preceptMosquitoes originate from the famil y Culicidae.13 Like m whatsoever new(prenominal) insects, they go through a life cycle from egg to larva, pupa and finally adult. They argon generally well-known as blood-sucking insects to humane and they atomic number 18 responsible for many fatal diseases much(prenominal)(prenominal) as dengue, malaria and yellow fever. Some commonly known genera are Aedes, genus Culex and Anopheles. Usually, mosquitoes breed in stagnant piddle like ponds, marshes and swamps and they thrive in warm climates.9(210 words)In score to control mosquitoes, chemical larvicides are apply. genius commonly employ larvicide, slacken is applied to stagnant water to kill larvae of a wide range of pathogen-carrying vectors (mosquitoes) to hinder their development into adult mosquitoes.2 Consequently, this prevents disease-carrying mosquitoes from hatch and bareting the pathogens to human via bites. Although the active fixings of lessen, temephos is said to be effective against mosquito larvae (af fects the nervous system by inhibiting cholinesterase enzyme), it has its downsides.Research has shown that sure mosquito species (Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti) throw positive resistance for relax.4 In addition, rats exposed to temephus showed organic phosphorus inebriety age some fish are vulnerable to temephus. Temephus besides terms inverterbates such as shrimps and crabs. Accumulation of temephus whitethorn in any case cause forceful impacts on cholinesterase activity involved in nerve signal transmission.6 indus footrace plant extracts such as those of garlic are potential alternatives to moderate. Crushing garlic releases thiosulfinates which convert into diallyl disulfide and diallyl trisulfide if mix with water.10 These two products formed are effective against mosquito larvae. Trials conducted in Bombay establish shown that several species of mosquito larvae are susceptible to garlic extracts. Allicin helps to curb malaria by preventing the formation of c ircumsporozoite protein (CSP) of Plasmodium sporozoites to infect host cells.10 They are effective, safe, environmental-friendly and economical.The objective of this experiment was to investigate and compare the effectiveness of garlic as the earthy larvicide and Abate as the chemical larvicide against mosquito larvae. The results from this experiment indicate that the spread of pathogen-cavictimization diseases by mosquitoes can be curbed by employ natural centerfields such as garlic as well as chemical larvicide like Abate. Garlic is a potential alternative to Abate as it is effective, easily available and eco-friendly. Although it magnate non be as fast-acting as chemical larvicides, garlic has no(prenominal) of the downsides of Abate such as accumulating in the environment and killing other invertebrates. Thus, more research is being conducted to investigate the efficiency of garlic as a larvicide.(545 words)Experimental hypothesisThere is a significant passing between th e effectiveness of garlic and Abate as larvicide. Abate is more effective larvicide compared to garlic.Null hypothesisThere is no significant contrast between the effectiveness of garlic and Abate as larvicide.VariablesManipulated inconstant Types of substancesResponding variable Time taken for all the larvae to dieFixed variables Number of mosquito larvae, meretriciousness of distilled water, roomtemperatureApparatus100mL measuring cylinder, electronic balance, plastic cups, label stickers, muller and mortar, disposable droppers, glass rodMaterialsMosquito larvae, garlic cloves, cinnamon powder, fennel powder, Abate 1.1G, distilled waterPlanningA trial experiment was conducted to determine which natural substance has the most significant effect on mosquito larvae. The three natural substances utilize were cinnamon powder, fennel power and garlic cloves. Three tagged plastic cups were use. About 1% of each various(prenominal) natural substance extracts were made by either d issolving 1g of the powder in 100mL of distilled water or pounding 1g of garlic and then mix with 100mL distilled water. Using a disposable dropper, 5 mosquito larvae were inserted into each cup and they were allowed to sit for 24 hours. The proceeds of mosquito larvae left aft(prenominal)ward 24 hours was counted.(750 words)Types of natural substancesNumber of mosquito larvae left after 24 hoursCinnamon3Fennel5Garlic0 remit 1 Number of mosquito larvae left after 24 hours with respect to natural substancesThe results imply that garlic showed the most significant effect on mosquito larvae since none of the mosquito larvae was left after 24 hours.A second trial was carried out to determine the method to posting the effectiveness of garlic and Abate. The freshman method was to count the number of mosquito larvae left after 24 hours art object the second was to neb the quantify taken for all larvae to die. Three concentrations were used for each substance and method. sumNumber o f mosquito larvae left after 24 hours for each concentration1%2%3%Garlic000Abate000Table 2 Calculating the number of mosquito larvae left after 24 hoursSubstanceTime taken for all larvae to die for each concentration (minutes)1%2%3%Garlic420360120Abate907555Table 3 Measuring the magazine taken for all larvae to dieThe results showed that method 1 was not practical to use since no mosquito larvae is left after 24 hours for both garlic and Abate. Therefore, method 2, which is to measure the sentence taken for all larvae to die, was used to compare the effectiveness of both substances as larvicides.(983 words)Real Experimental Procedures1g of garlic clove was weighed using an electronic balance.The garlic clove was placed in a mortar and it was pounded softly using the pestle to declare garlic extract.100mL distilled water was measurable using a measuring cylinder and it was poured into the mortar to form an extract firmness of concentration 1%.The base was then transferred into a labelled plastic cup.Using a disposable dropper, five mosquito larvae were transferred into the beaker.At 5-minutes interval, the number of departed mosquito larvae in the beaker was counted and recorded to measure the time taken for all larvae to die. stillborn larvae are those that cannot be induced to move when they are touched with the outcome of the dropper.Steps 1 to 6 are repeated twice to happen an average time taken.Steps 1 to 7 are repeated for garlic cloves of 2g, 3g 4g and 5g.The time taken for all larvae to die for each respective garlic concentration was tabulated.Steps 1 to 9 were repeated using 1g, 2g, 3g, 4g and 5g of Abate 1.1.A graph of mean(a) time taken for all larvae to die against concentration of larvicides was plotted.A two-way ANOVA test was used to analyse the info statistically.Risk AssessmentThe experimental procedure is class-conscious low-risk. The risk of accidental introduction of mosquito into the environment had been considered and precaut ions were taken to ensure that pupae which had developed into mosquitoes were not released, but killed in the water. The container containing larvae were closed at all time. Gloves were exhausted to avoid direct contact with Abate which is toxic. Hands were washed onwards and after handling garlic extract, Abate and mosquito larvae. After using droppers, they were given over properly. When the experiment had completed, the solution containing dead mosquito larvae were drained into the laboratory sink.(1307 words)ResultsConcentrations (%)Time taken for all mosquito larvae to die (minutes)GarlicAbate1.1G123 re roll up123Mean1360345370358.390859088.32300310300303.375757073.33120115120118.355506055.0410090110100.045404041.7580807076.730353533.3Table 4 Time taken for all larvae to die for contrastive concentrations of garlic and AbateFigure 1 Graph of mean time taken for mosquito larvae to die with respect to concentrations of larvicides(1409 words)Statistical AnalysisTwo-way ANOVA t est was used to analyse the data to show whether thither is a significant difference between the two larvicides. The Columns P-Value (8.58E-24) is less than the significance level ( = 0.05). There is a significance difference between the larvicidal properties of Abate and garlic. Abate is a stronger larvicide than garlic. Therefore, the experimental hypothesis is accepted and the null hypothesis is rejected.From the analysis also, the calculated Sample P-value (3.62E-22) is less than the significance level tested as well ( = 0.05). This shows that on that point are statistically significant differences between different concentrations of garlic and Abate. The Interaction P-Value (3.01E-19) indicates that there was a statistical significant interaction between the larvicides and the concentrations used. Higher concentrations of both larvicides are more effective against the mosquito larvae compared to note concentrations.(1548 words)SubstancesGarlicAbateTotal0.01 regard336Sum1075 2651340 honest358.333388.33333223.3333Variance158.33338.33333321936.670.02 suppose336Sum9102201130Average303.333373.33333188.3333Variance33.333338.33333315886.670.03Count336Sum355165520Average118.33335586.66667Variance8.333333251216.6670.04Count336Sum300125425Average10041.6666770.83333Variance1008.3333331064.1670.05Count336Sum230100330Average76.6666733.3333355Variance33.333338.333333580TotalCount1515Sum2870875Average191.333358.33333Variance14458.81445.2381Table 5 Summary of the data(1656 words)Source of VariationSSdfMSFP-valueF critSample137903.3434475.83880.2343.62E-222.866081Columns132667.51132667.53387.2558.58E-244.351243Interaction69970417492.5446.6173.01E-192.866081Within783.33332039.16667Total341324.229Table 6 Calculations for two-way Anova test(1701 words)Data AnalysisThe two-way ANOVA test revealed that Abate is a stronger larvicide than garlic. The Columns P-value is less than the significance value ( = 0.05), which indicated that Abate and garlic are significantly differ ent in terms of larvicidal properties. This supports the experimental hypothesis that the effectiveness of Abate is greater than that of garlic.Table 4 shows that for all Abate concentrations, the mean time taken for all the mosquito larvae to die are shorter compared to that of garlic. For both larvicides, as their concentrations increased, the mean time decreased. From the data in Table 4, it can be evaluated that there is a bigger percentage difference in the mean time taken between garlic and Abate for the first two concentrations (about 75%). For 3%, 4% and 5% concentrations, the percentage differences in mean time range from 54% to 58%. This is illustrated in Figure 1. It clearly suggested that Abate is much more effective than garlic.Abate is a chemical larvicide while garlic is a natural larvicide. Both contain the active substances which are capable to kill mosquito larvae. Within 24 hours, all mosquito larvae would have died in Abate as well as garlic solutions. It was the refore not practical to calculate the number of live mosquito larvae after 24 hours. Hence, the time taken for the mosquito larvae to die was used as a measure of the substances effectiveness. The shorter the time taken, the more effective the compound is. Dead larvae can be place by touching them with the tip of a rod or dropper. They cannot be induced to move.Abate contains temephos which is an organophosphate compound.11 It is able to inhibit acetylcholinesterase enzyme which is required to stop a nerve impulse after it has crossed the synapse. As a result, there is a continuous stimulation of the nerve, resulting in tremors and uncoordinated movement.11 Garlic, when crushed and mixed with water, will convert thiosulfinates to diallyl disulfide and diallyl trisulfide,10 both which are organosulfur compounds. They are effective against mosquito larvae.(2043 words)The experiment showed that Abate is a more effective larvicide compared to garlic. Both organophosphorus and organosul fur compounds worked against mosquito larvae. This explains that during the trial experiment, after allowing both solutions to sit for 24 hours, all mosquito larvae died. Nevertheless, the experimental results showed that Abate which contains organophosphorus compounds took a shorter time to kill all the mosquito larvae compared to garlic (organosulfur compound), implying that organophosphorus compounds are more effective against mosquito larvae. However, this may also be due to the purity of the active substances. The industrially-produced Abate contain pure temephos, whereas allicin found in garlic is impure. For an active ingredient to work effectively, it has to be extracted and processed to give optimum results.Although results showed that Abate is a more effective larvicide, it should be noted that Abate is harmful to certain animals such as mice and fish, as well as to some invertebrates. Abate is also liable to accumulate inwardly the natural environment, posing risks to hu man health. Garlic is an option to replace Abate as it is easily meetable, garish and does not pose harm to the environment. Nevertheless, garlic takes a longer time to kill mosquito larvae compared to Abate. Time is a crucial factor when dealing with disease-carrying mosquitoes such as Aedes aegypti. Therefore, although garlic might be effective against mosquito larvae, it may not be practical to use such a time-consuming substance to alleviate the problem with mosquito larvae.(2287 words)EvaluationTo increase the accuracy, the base of the garlic, unitedly with its skin was removed before the garlic cloves were weighed using an electronic balance. The garlic cloves were pounded lightly using a mortar and pestle to prevent cacoethes from destroying the chemical circumscribe of garlic, which might decrease the effectiveness of garlic. Disposable droppers were used to avoid contamination of substances being tested and in the container used to collect mosquito larvae. Besides, pla stic cups were used instead of laboratory glassware in order to prevent contamination as well. Each cup was closed with a perforated cover to ensure that air flows into the cup. The cup was cover as a precaution to prevent the introduction of any mosquito into the environment in case any larvae managed to complete its life cycle.Results from the trials showed that all mosquito larvae were killed by the larvicides within 24 hours. Therefore, if the number of live mosquito larvae were noted after 24 hours, there would not be any significant differences. As an alternative, the time taken for the mosquito larvae to be killed was measured. It was also impossible to run a stopwatch to measure the time as it would be difficult to estimate when to stop it. Instead, the mosquito larvae were spy all five minutes and any dead larva was noted. Hence, the time measured was estimation as it would be hard to check on the larvae every minute for hours. To increase the precision of results, the ex periment was repeated twice to obtain an average time.It was also impossible to differentiate the types of mosquito larvae. Different larvae species might have different response towards larvicide. However, in this experiment, they were assumed to be of the same species. The larvae were also of different days old. Larvicides might have different effects on larvae of different days old. Besides, the solutions might not contain the exact concentration which was supposed to be tested. This is because garlic juice might not be able to be extracted and dissolve in distilled water completely. Abate granules also did not dissolve completely in distilled water.(2641 words)An ethical issue that may be questioned is the accidental introduction of mosquitoes into the environment. In this experiment, mosquito larvae are collected from ponds, which are mosquito breeding grounds. These mosquito larvae are actually prevented from turning into adult mosquitoes, which may transmit certain diseases. Larvae collected are placed in a covered container and are monitored to prevent accidental introduction of mosquitoes in case any larva managed to complete its life cycle.This investigation could be modified by friction the garlic cloves and dissolve it in ethanol to form garlic solution of a particular concentration. This would increase the reliability of the results. Besides, mosquito larvae of the same species could be used to ensure that the effects of larvicides on that particular type of mosquito larvae only are determined. This reduces the probability of results occurring by chance. Mosquito larvae of a specific species could be cultured quite a than collecting them from a pond. The number of mosquito larvae could also have been increased to obtain a more reliable result.Conclusionchemical substance larvicide, Abate is significantly more effective than garlic in killing mosquito larvae. This was determined by the notably shorter time taken by Abate to kill all the mosquito larvae than shown by garlic.(2848 words)Source EvaluationSource 2 contains culture on agricultural products such as vector control by BASF, the worlds lede chemical company and a corporate group. Hence, it is trustable and reliable.Source 4 is a journal, so contains sound scientific information. It contains a research note create verbally by authors from several research universities. Therefore, it should be trustable and reliable.Source 6 is a data sheet on temephos, the active ingredient in Abate. The data sheet is provided by IPCS INCHEM, cooperation between International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS) and the Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety (CCHOS). IPCS INCHEM compiles information regarding management of chemicals and their risks based on data from World Health transcription (WHO) and Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). Therefore, this source is reliable and not biased.Sources 8 and 13 are published books. Therefore, they are credible sources wi th reliable contents written by notable experts in the respective fields.Source 10 is a trustable review as it is written by credible experts in the particular area.Source 12 is a reliable and credible governmental website by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency in regulating pesticides therefore, all facts and information provided are updated.Source 14 is guidelines for laboratory and field examen of mosquito larvicides by World Health Organization, so should contain sound scientific information.

Ann rule- Dead At sunset Essay -- essays research papers

This book is fitting virtuoso card of what took place on that fatal September 21, 1986 night. It was a warm and glorious Sunday night on the Sunset High way in Oregon when Cheryl Keeton was brutally bludgeoned body was found in her vanguard, in the tight lane by a motorist, Randall Kelly Blighton who just stopped to divulge if he could offer whatever type of help. Randall Blighton saw a silhouette of an sister in the vans window which now he says was a car seat. He felt that he couldnt just pass by after he had just dropped off his own children with their mother. When he first arrived by the van he set out flares to make sure that constantlyybody knew that the van was there. He accordingly went to open the drivers side door and found that a fair sexs purse was jammed between the accelerator and the firewall, that would justify the continually motion forward. He could see that a figure was lie across the front seat and that the head was tucked into the chest just over t he passenger seat. He could see that the figure had on one loafer type on one foot that looked feminine. As he searched to turn on the emergency flashers and was unable to find them, not keen that they were over head. He felt the base of operations to see if there was a baby. However, as he felt around he realized that the floor and seats of the van and realized why it was so hard to see through the drivers side window that was splattered with something dark, declension. Nevertheless, he felt it was more(prenominal) important to keep searching to find the baby instead of stopping. He shuddered and didnt get how there could be so much blood in the van if it hadnt been hit by another vehicle. Randall then hopped in the drivers seat and moved the van on to the shoulder of 79th where it met old highway. Mr. Blighton then ran to the passenger side door, which was slightly open to see if the woman had a pulse when he could not feel one he then ran to get help. He finally came to a ho use and told them to wish for help. Thomas Stewart Duffy Jr was on duty that night at Washington County arouse District Number One. The call came in roughly at 844 that night. They had some(prenominal) calls come in from the sunset highway and closely proved fatal. They arrived to see the blue Toyota van parked facing northeasterly along 79th . The man was covered in dark spots and they werent sure just what they were getting into. When they arrived at the woman ... ...s fear. Brad posterior left the house and it was a mess Sara was unsure if he was ever to return and went to the house with a realtor only to find the locks and high technical school security system had been changed.Did you know? This would be the second case to be tried in civil court for a murder with no weapons just circumstantial evidence.Cheryl Keeton could see that Brad would kill her and was warned by many close friends never to be alone with him but felt she had to go and get her children back that fata l Sunday night. Brad Cunningham grew up in a divorced household where he was not wanted by his father and was never to see his mother or have any contact with her. After she had an affair with a Hispanic man and was caring his child.He had a brother that never was able to have a relationship with a woman.Been married 4 times before Sara, seemed not to marry for love but for control and to get what ever he wanted.Eight years after killing his divorced wife in Portland, Oregon, Brad Cunningham was finally convicted of her murder

An Analysis of Emily Dickinsons I Felt a Funeral in My Brain :: Felt a Funeral in My Brain Essays

An Analysis of Emily Dickinsons I Felt a Funeral in My humour This poesy is precise interesting in many aspects because it reminds me of a soulfulness that I use to know. In my life I have met race just handle Emily Dickinson who were mentally down(p) and real unsociable. In this poem it shows how unstable her mind was in words that she wrote in her poems. I do not want people to get me wrong she was a very smart woman it was said that she attended Mount Holyoke Female Seminary in South Hadley, it also said that she was cardinal of the best poets of all times. I do not understand were she went wrong because she lived a normal childishness in which she was very bright, witty, friendly to people, she had friends, and she went to parties. So where did she go wrong? By her early 30s she began to separate herself from everyone, even the people who she obviously loved had to verbalize with her from the other side of a closed door. In her life it was that she was in love with approximately man who died this maybe her for become very depressed. Emily Dickinson was very suicidal (meaning she tried and true to kill her many times, but was afraid of what it would be like). I am glad we got this poem because I have some things I would like to say about this weird acting woman. In my town were I come from their was a girl who acted just like this lady. This girl would not talk to anyone, she would run away all the time, she tried to commit suicide a couple of times, but did not succeed. Her parents it seemed they would be always looking for he all the time. So finally one day they decided to put her into a hospital to see what was cause her to act like this. In my mind I think she was depressed because she did not have any friends. And according to my knowledge Emily Dickinson was the same way. Emily Dickinson was a very smart person, but she was very strange acting. For example, I canvass her poem I Felt a

Sleep Apnea Essay -- Sleep Apnea Sleeping Disorders Essays

sopor Apnea quietude, why do people tranquillity at all? wherefore cant we just stay awake? Somebiologist suggest that tranquillity provides the opportunity to conduct self-repair andpurge the body of its waste that has built up during the days activity.Nevertheless, the body is capable of repairing itself and disposing of wastesduring waking hours, so short sleep in a way really isnt necessary for routinemaintenance (e.g., urinating, etc.). Dr. Quentin Regestein, lead sleep and sleep perturbs researcher at Harvard aesculapian School also believed that sleep kept ourdistant ancestors out of harms way during the night when they could not confabulate aswell as their night roaming predators.Sleep is regulated by a connected series of structures in the deep midline aras, and on other way stations that extend through the central axis of the hotshot, these structures relay information about things that affect sleep. In Dr.Regestein notes, he talk of experiments that were performe d by researchers.The researchers he spoke of would destroy specific brain structures of a labanimal and then note how the animal slept. For instances, in unmatchable lab animalthe researcher cut through the axis of the brain at one level, which wouldprevented the animal from awakening showing that brain structures beneath thelevel of the cut were responsible for awakening the lab animal.The American Sleep throw out of kilters Association (ASDA), Association for thePsychophysiological Study of Sleep (APSS), Association of Sleep Disorder Centers(ASDC), and the American Psychiatric Association (APA) has studied sleep andsleep disorders since the primeval 1970s. Out of all the sleep disorderscurrently being studied, sleep apnea has plus world wide attention, affectingover 15 million people. Apnea, derived from the Grecian word want to breath.Sleep Apnea (cessation of air flow at the intercommunicate for greater than 10 seconds) canreflect 1) loss of central sickening system driv e to maintain ventilation, 2)mechanical upper air hose obstruction, or combinations of both. The secondedition of Anesthesia and Co-Existing complaint states Conversely, obstructiveforms of sleep apnea are due to an abnormal relaxation of the posteriorpharyngeal muscles - there is sedulousness of respiratory movements, but airflowis absent due to upper airway obstruction. Study shows awakening occurs when thearterial partial pre... ...p because of a sleep disorder like sleep apneacan eventually lead to interruption of occasional task and human survival is greatlyreduced. Many people hold to prognosis themselves as to why they are havingtrouble sleeping. Researchers urge patients with a unbalanced sleep pattern toseek professional help.Five cardinal people go through the cycle of sleep and wakefulness all(prenominal) day,and relatively few of them know the joy of being fully rest and fully alertall day long.- William Dement (1988)ReferencesArthur J. Speilman, Phd.D., and capi tal of Minnesota B. Glovinsky, Ph.D.- Department of Psychology. The metropolis College of New YorkPinellas Public Library Cooperative, Inc. - InfoTrac System- Largo, FloridaDrs. Robert K. Stoelting, Stephen F. Dierdorf , and Richard L. McCammon.-Second Edition / Anesthesia and Co-Existing DiseaseJohn P. Dworetzky- Psychology / Fifth EditionDr. Quentin Regestein - lead sleep researcher, Harvard Medical School- Sleep problems and solutionsDr. Scott Mantel - Anesthesiologist- Morton Plant Hospital, Department of AnesthesiologyDr. Paul Borelli - Anesthesiologist- Morton Plant Hospital, Department of Anesthesiology