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Wednesday, April 3, 2019

Definitions and Overviews of Intellectual Disabilities

Definitions and Overviews of quick-witted DisabilitiesOutcome 1 Define intelligent DisabilityTASK 11.1 Give 2 definitions of sharp baulk in accordance with a recognized source. Follow prescribed APA format when citing sources.Definition 1 bright check causes limitations in ingenious functioning as well as in adaptive behaviors that include many a(prenominal) skills which is needed every day. The onslaught age is under 18.Source FAQ on apt Disability, Ameri tin connexion on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, retrieved from http//aaidd.org/ reason-disability/definition/faqs-on-intellectual-disabilityDefinition 2Intellectual disability is a term utilize for when people has certain limitations in functioning mentally and in skills such as communicating, performing activities of mundane living, and in his or her social behavior. Children with this ability may develop their skills (walking, talking, etc) at a delayed time as compared to figure. They may in additio n dedicate trouble with learning- it commonly takes them a longer time to learn brisk skills.Source National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities.(2005) Intellectual disability, retrieved from http//www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/actearly/pdf/parents_pdfs/IntellectualDisability.pdf1.2 Using a definition of intellectual disability give 2 explanations of how this impacts on the persons adaptive skills good deal with intellectual disability assure impairment in their ability to comprehend information. As a emergence, they bring forth a hard time with reading comprehension, handling money, loting with numbers and time. out-of-pocket to their impaired social functioning, they also find it hard to socially deal with others. They dont recognize the laws of society and they take aim a bound ability to follow rules.Using a definition of intellectual disability give 2 explanations of how this impacts on the cognitive abilitiesReasoning pack with an intellectual disability can not reason like normal people. They lack the ability to explain why they do certain things or why certain things happen. This is collect adequate to their impaired intelligence.Learn and apply what is learnt- Intellectually disabled people fox a hard time to gain new knowledge. It is difficult for them to subroutine new information and understand new skills.Outcome 2 discern the causes of intellectual disabilityTASK 22.1 Give 2 examples of causes of intellectual disability that occur before brook and describe two (2) briny characters of the effects. ideal 1 thin X syndromeSource National Fragile X Foundation. (1998-2014). Fragile X Syndrome, retrieved from http//www.fragilex.org/fragile-x-associated-disorders/fragile-x-syndrome/Main characteristicsPhysical features of FXS longanimous ofs include pear-shaped ears, long face, macroorchidism, infections in the ears, flat feet, steep arched palate, fingers with double joints and hyper-flexible joints behavioral characteristi cs for FXS patients may include the following Attention famine Disorder, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Autism and Autistic behaviors, social anxiety, hand-biting and or flapping, poor meat contact, sensory(prenominal) disorders and high risks for aggression.Example 2 Prader-Willi SyndromeSource Suzanne B. Cassidy, MD. (2012). Parder-Willi Syndrome, Genetics in medicine, 14, p10Main characteristics mass who deem Prader-Willi Syndrome have severe hypotonia. Therefore their sucking is poor in their early infancy.They are characterized by excessive feeding and not able to control eating.2.2 Give 2 examples of causes of intellectual disability that occur during or immediately following birth and describe 2 main characteristics of the effects.Example 1 TraumaSource Merck Sharp and Dohme Corp. (2010-2013). The Merck Manual, Home Health Handbook, retrieved from http//www.merckmanuals.com/ business firm/childrens_health_issues/problems_in_ new-sprung(a)s/birth_injury.htmlMai n signsHead and champion injury. Swelling of the scalp and bruising may occur due to birth trauma. Bleeding between the periosteum and skull causes a haematoma, usually in the parietal region and sometimes the occipital region.Nerve Injury. Sometimes, when forceps used to assist delivery puts much pres confident(predicate) on the facial nerve, helplessness on one side of the face results. This injury becomes evident when the newborn baby cries and the face appears to be asymmetric.Example2 rational PalsySource Karen W. Krigger, M.D., M.ED., University of Louisville give instruction of Medicine, noetic Palsy An Overview, Kentucky Am Fam Physician. 2006 Jan 1 73(1) 91-100, retrieved from http//www.aafp.org/afp/2006/0101/p91.htmlMain Characteristics rational palsy is characterized by motor function impairment. It causes activity limitation.People with rational palsy exhibit cognitive and sensory impairments.2.3 Give 2 examples of causes of intellectual disability that occur duri ng childhood years and describe the impact on the day-to-day choke off needs of the person.Example 1 Brain tumourSource PMC US National Library of Medicine, National Institute of Health. January 2008. care for the Brain Tumor Patient Family caregiver burden and unmet needs., retrieved from http//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2600839/ImpactPatients with learning ability tumor need various accommodates in their day to day lives. Psychosocial support is one of them. It is important for them to learn how to handle the stress of a continuing illness, as family members realize that their lives lead be forever changed by the incertitude that surrounds this diagnosis. It is therefore important for the support provider to make sure the patient and family understands the impact of this illness to them and provide them of ways on how to cope and peradventure live a close to normal life. Also, for the caregivers, it is important that they are unendingly prepared for the possib ility of disease progression. Even though a patient is stable for a certain period of time, the caregiver will always feel the wear and tear of caring for this patient. Thus, it is important to make sure that caregivers are also taken cared of to ensure quality care.Example 2 MeningitisSource Kelli de la Rocha (2014). Intellectual disability. NYU Langone medical center. retrieved from http//pediatrics.med.nyu.edu/conditions-we-treat/conditions/intellectual-disabilityImpactChildren with intellectual disability caused by meningitis cant learn skills and any knowledge as fast as other children with same age. So supporters need to count for their achievement with patient. And also they need to be aware of the risk that the children live on seizure, and then they should be trained for coping with them suffering seizure.Outcome 3 Describe conditions frequently associated with intellectual disability.TASK 3Condition 1 rational PalsyCauses/sCerebral Palsy can be caused by having injury o f brain before brain development is completed. commonly brain develops within 2 years after birth, so Cerebral Palsy can be occurred during prenatal or infant period. And birth complication can also cause this condition. But many cases queer this condition from unknown causes before birth.Main characteristic 1Cerebral Palsy is characterized by motor function impairment. It causes activity limitation.Main characteristic 2People with Cerebral Palsy exhibit cognitive and sensory impairments.Physical supportPeople with Cerebral Palsy suffer from hypotonic and rigidity. So physical therapy is useful to support them physically. Effective physical therapy can help them to break their muscle. Recent studies report that intensive exercise is effective. So support worker can make a schedule for immune exercise four times per week. kindly supportPeople with Cerebral Palsy can be easily isolated because of their handicaps. So support workers need to reduce barriers to participation in activ ities of school, work and society. To participate in activities, many devices are necessary. If the client cant walk, using wheelchair could be helpful to go watching football games and cheer a team.cognitive supportPeople with Cerebral Palsy can be normal intellectually, except they have difficulty in learning because of limitation of hearing, seeing, and movement. So for supporting them cognitively, support worker needs to help their study by give them enough time to understand and express or typeset knowledge. And support worker can provide some aids to emend their speech.Source/s Karen W. Krigger, M.D., M.ED., University of Louisville school of Medicine, Cerebral Palsy An Overview, Kentucky Am Fam Physician. 2006 Jan 1 73(1) 91-100, retrieved from http//www.aafp.org/afp/2006/0101/p91.htmlCondition 2 Prader-Willi SyndromeCauses/sPrader-Willi Syndrome is caused by genetic abnormality. They have the chromosome number 15 without genetic information that normally people have from the father. It is thought to occur entirely by chance.Main characteristic 1People with Prader-Willi Syndrome have severe hypotonia. So their sucking is poor in their early infancy.Main characteristic 2Obesity is commonly caused. This is a result of an excessive appetite, a permanent feeling of hunger, and hyperphagia or overeating, and a low calorific requirement which is due to low energy disbursal levels.Physical supportPeople with Prader-Willi Syndrome cant control their eating because they always feel hunger. Further more than, they can easily become obesity that causes many complications. To prevent them from being obesity, support workers need to give exercise foreign where they cant find food easily. They need habitue and incessant exercise, so it is important to make a schedule with various and provoke exercise to them.Social supportThey should strict supervision of daily food intake. Once overeating starts between ages 2 and 4 years, supervision will help to minimize food hoarding and stealing and prevent rapid weight gain and severe obesity. Parents should lock refrigerators and all cabinets containing food. No medications have proven beneficial in reducing food-seeking behavior. A well-balanced, low-calorie diet and regular exercise are essential and must be maintained for the persist of the individuals life. People with PWS rarely need more than 1,000 to 1,200 calories per day.Cognitive supportPeople with PWS have difficulty controlling their emotions. Using behavioral therapy can help. Stubbornness, anger, and neurotic behavior, including obsession with food, should be handled with behavioral management programs using firm limit-setting strategies. social organization and routines also are advisedSource Andres Martin, M.D, 1998, Prader-Willi Syndrome, Am J abnormal psychology 1998 1551265-1273, retrieved from http//ajp.psychiatryonline.org/article.aspx?articleID=173004Condition 3 AutismCause/sThe condition is the result of a neurologica l disorder that has an effect on normal brain function, affecting development of the persons communication and social interaction skills.Main Characteristic 1Seizure disorders, including epilepsy, occur in as many as 39 percent of those with autism. It is more common in people with autism who also have intellectual disability than those without. Someone with autism may experience more than one type of seizure.Main Characteristic 2Almost People with autism have unusual responses to sensory input. They have difficulty processing and incorporate sensory information, or stimuli, such as sights, sounds smells, tastes and/or movement. They may experience seemingly ordinary stimuli as painful, unpleasant or confusing.Physical subscribePhysical Therapy (PT) is focused on any problems with movement that cause useful limitations. Children with autism frequently have challenges with motor skills such as sitting, walking, running or jumping. PT can address poor muscle tone, balance and coord ination.Social SupportIndividuals with autism have a great deal of difficulty with social interactions. In recent years, social skills training, in both one-on-one and coadjutor group settings, has become a very common treatment for face up this particular challenge. Social skills taught during training sessions range from simple skills like eye contact, to more difficult skills like inviting a peer for a move date. Studies have shown that this type of intervention program can significantly improve social competence and social skill development.Cognitive Support sensorial Integration (SI) therapy is designed to identify disruptions in the way the individuals brain processes movement, touch, smell, sight and sound, and help he or she process these senses in a more productive way. It is believed that SI does not teach higher-level skills, but rather enhances sensory processing abilities, allowing the child to be more obtainable to acquire higher-level skills.Source Autism Speaks I nc. 2014. Autism Speaks. Retrieved from http//www.autismspeaks.org/what-autism

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